Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of g is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Populations evolve as individuals with advantageous heritable traits survive and reproduce more successfully.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of g is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of birds where both very small and very large beaks are favored due to the availability of two distinct food sources.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are the original source of genetic variation in populations.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why populations, and not individuals, evolve?

Accepted Answer

Evolution is the change in allele frequencies within a population over generations.

Question 6

Which of the following is a post-zygotic isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 7

A small group of finches colonizes a new island, and over time, their allele frequencies differ significantly from the original population. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Question 9

Which of the following events is most closely associated with the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

The engulfment of a photosynthetic bacterium by a primitive eukaryote, leading to the origin of chloroplasts.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a monophyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

The wings of bats and the wings of insects, which evolved independently for flight.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains the heterozygote advantage observed in sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes have a survival advantage in regions where malaria is prevalent.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation requires geographic isolation, while sympatric speciation occurs without it.

Question 15

Which of the following is a practical application of our understanding of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Developing new antibiotics to combat resistant bacteria.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the RNA world hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA was the first genetic material, capable of both storing information and catalyzing reactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits such as size or coat color.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the major events in the history of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Formation of Earth → Origin of prokaryotes → Origin of eukaryotes → Cambrian explosion → Evolution of plants → Evolution of humans

Question 19

Which of the following is a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

The forelimbs of whales and the arms of humans, which share a similar bone structure.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes gene flow?

Accepted Answer

The movement of alleles between populations due to migration.

Evolution and the Diversity of Life: Study Guide (Chapters 22–26)

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