Question 1

Which of the following best describes a scientific theory in biology?

Accepted Answer

A broad class of observations widely supported by empirical evidence.

Question 2

What is the primary focus of biology as a field of science?

Accepted Answer

To study life and search for observations that help us understand the diversity of life.

Question 3

Which statement about hypotheses is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hypotheses are proposed explanations for specific observations and patterns.

Question 4

In the scientific method, what is the role of predictions?

Accepted Answer

Predictions are based on hypotheses and describe what you expect to see in a model ecosystem.

Question 5

Which of the following is a requirement for a scientific prediction?

Accepted Answer

It must be measurable and correct if the hypothesis is correct.

Question 6

What does it mean for a hypothesis to be 'falsifiable'?

Accepted Answer

It can be tested and potentially shown to be incorrect by evidence.

Question 7

Which process is most directly associated with the mechanism of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a pattern in scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

An observation about the natural world.

Question 9

A scientist observes that certain finches have different beak shapes depending on their diet. What is the next logical step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Propose a hypothesis explaining the relationship between beak shape and diet.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Scientific theories are guesses about how nature works.

Question 11

If a prediction based on a hypothesis is not observed in an experiment, what does this imply?

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis may be incorrect and should be revised or rejected.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a falsifiable hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If plants are given more sunlight, then they will grow taller.

Question 13

Which equation best represents the concept of a measurable prediction in biology?

Accepted Answer

$$Z = 	ext{measurable outcome}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring evidence that contradicts your hypothesis.

Question 15

Why is it important for scientific predictions to be measurable?

Accepted Answer

So that the results can be objectively tested and compared to the hypothesis.

Question 16

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a pattern and a process in biology?

Accepted Answer

A pattern is an observation, while a process is a mechanism that explains the observation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation → Hypothesis → Prediction → Experiment

Question 18

A student claims that 'all swans are white' after observing only white swans. What is the scientific flaw in this claim?

Accepted Answer

The claim is not falsifiable because it cannot be tested against all possible swans.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a process in biology?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acting on genetic variation.

Question 20

Why is natural selection considered a mechanism of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Because it explains how certain traits become more common in a population over time.

Evolution by Natural Selection: Foundations and Scientific Method

Study Guide - Practice Questions