Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the animals on the Galapagos Islands are more closely related to those on the South American mainland than to animals in similar environments elsewhere?

Accepted Answer

Geographic proximity is a better predictor of evolutionary relationships than environmental similarity.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 3

A population of 1,000 individuals has 360 individuals with genotype AA, 480 with Aa, and 160 with aa. What is the frequency of the a allele?

Accepted Answer

$$0.4$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

Accepted Answer

Small pelvis and hind-leg bones in ancient whales

Question 5

Which process is most likely responsible for a sudden increase in the frequency of a rare allele after a natural disaster drastically reduces population size?

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 6

If $$q^2 = 0.01$ in a population, what is the frequency of the dominant allele (p$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.9$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group colonizes a new area, and their allele frequencies differ from the original population.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of evolution in action due to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 9

What is the main difference between homologous structures and analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures share a common ancestry, while analogous structures do not.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates gene flow?

Accepted Answer

A herd of caribou from one region migrates and breeds with a herd from another region.

Question 11

Which type of natural selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 12

A population of beetles has two color morphs: green and brown. After a pesticide is introduced, only brown beetles survive. Which type of selection is this?

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 13

Which of the following is a molecular homology that supports the theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Closely matched gene sequences in different species

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction

Question 15

What does the Hardy-Weinberg equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The expected genotype frequencies in a non-evolving population

Question 16

Which of the following best defines relative fitness in an evolutionary context?

Accepted Answer

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to others

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a pseudogene?

Accepted Answer

A gene that has lost its function but is still present in the genome

Question 18

Which of the following statements about natural selection is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Individuals evolve during their lifetimes.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of intrasexual selection?

Accepted Answer

Male deer fighting for access to females

Question 20

A population of 500 individuals has 20 with genotype aa. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the a allele ($$q$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$0.2$$

Evolution: UNIT 2

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