Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of g is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Q: A population of 1000 mice has 360 with genotype AA, 480 with Aa, and 160 with aa. What is the frequency of the a allele?

$$q = \frac{2 \times 160 + 480}{2 \times 1000} = \frac{320 + 480}{2000} = \frac{800}{2000} = 0.4$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium model?

Accepted Answer

Mutations occur frequently to introduce new alleles.

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is $$p = 0.7$$ and the frequency of g is $$q = 0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A small group of birds is blown to a new island, and their allele frequencies differ from the original population.

Question 4

Which of the following would most likely cause a population to evolve?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 5

A population of 1000 mice has 360 with genotype AA, 480 with Aa, and 160 with aa. What is the frequency of the a allele?

Accepted Answer

$$q = \frac{2 	imes 160 + 480}{2 	imes 1000} = \frac{320 + 480}{2000} = \frac{800}{2000} = 0.4$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A sudden reduction in population size due to a disaster, resulting in a loss of genetic diversity.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Wolves from one pack migrate and breed with wolves from another pack.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is occurring

Question 9

If $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$ and p + q = 1$, what does q^2$ represent in a population?

Accepted Answer

The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of non-random mating?

Accepted Answer

Peacocks choosing mates based on the size and color of tail feathers.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why vestigial structures are evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

They are remnants of structures that were functional in ancestral species.

Question 12

A scientist observes that a population's allele frequencies change significantly after a volcanic eruption. Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 13

Which of the following statements about microevolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

It refers to changes in allele frequencies within a population over time.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Polar bears have thick fur to survive in cold environments.

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of gene flow between populations?

Accepted Answer

Increased genetic similarity between populations

Question 16

Which of the following is the best definition of a gene pool?

Accepted Answer

All the alleles present in a population

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?

Accepted Answer

The forelimbs of whales, bats, and humans

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group of individuals establishes a new population with different allele frequencies from the original population.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Random mating

Question 20

A population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If the frequency of the recessive allele ($$q) is 0.2$$, what is the expected frequency of individuals with the dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ = $$(0.8)^2 + 2$$ 	imes 0.8 	imes 0.2 = 0.64 + 0.32 = 0.96$$

Evolution: Population Genetics and Change in Species (Hardy-Weinberg, Evidence for Evolution)

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