Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is 0.7 and the frequency of g is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$.

$$2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution?

Accepted Answer

Lamarck believed acquired characteristics could be inherited, while Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

Accepted Answer

The forelimbs of whales, bats, and humans, which have different functions but similar bone structures.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 4

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of G is 0.7 and the frequency of g is 0.3, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Use the equation $$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$.

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A volcanic eruption drastically reduces the size of a population, changing allele frequencies.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes over those with extreme phenotypes.

Question 7

Which of the following is a prezygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation, where two species breed at different times.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

The diversification of Galápagos finches into multiple species with different beak shapes.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about evolution is correct?

Accepted Answer

Populations evolve, but individuals do not.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

The wings of bats and the wings of birds, which serve similar functions but evolved independently.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

A population is geographically separated, leading to the formation of new species.

Question 12

Which of the following is a vestigial organ in humans?

Accepted Answer

The appendix

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a mode of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct format for binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Genus capitalized and italicized, species lowercase and italicized

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an analogous structure?

Accepted Answer

The wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird

Question 16

Which of the following is a cause of microevolution?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 17

Which of the following best describes punctuated equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Long periods of little change interrupted by brief periods of rapid change

Question 18

Which of the following is a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility, where hybrids cannot produce offspring

Question 19

Which of the following is the best definition of a gene pool?

Accepted Answer

All the alleles present in a population

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT evidence for evolution from common descent?

Accepted Answer

Analogous structures

Evolution, Population Genetics, and Speciation: Study Notes (Ch. 22–25)

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