Q: A population of 200 individuals has 80 AA, 100 Aa, and 20 aa genotypes. What is the frequency of the A allele?

$f(A) = \frac{2 \times 80 + 100}{2 \times 200} = 0.6$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must survive and reproduce equally

Question 2

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: green (G) and brown (g). If the frequency of the G allele is $p = 0.7$ and the frequency of the g allele is $q = 0.3$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes ($Gg$) under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$2pq = 0.42$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random chance, especially in small populations

Question 4

Which scenario is an example of a population bottleneck?

Accepted Answer

A disease wipes out most of a cheetah population, leaving only a few survivors

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

Accepted Answer

Humans breeding dogs for specific traits

Question 6

A scientist observes that two species of frogs live in the same pond but breed at different times of the year. What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is this?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 7

Which of the following statements about mutations is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mutations can be neutral, beneficial, or harmful

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why allele frequencies may remain constant in a population over time?

Accepted Answer

The population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Question 9

Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid sterility

Question 10

A population of 200 individuals has 80 AA, 100 Aa, and 20 aa genotypes. What is the frequency of the A allele?

Accepted Answer

$f(A) = \frac{2 	imes 80 + 100}{2 	imes 200} = 0.6$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Two populations of squirrels are separated by a river and evolve into distinct species

Question 12

Which of the following is a monophyletic clade?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause microevolution in a population?

Accepted Answer

Stable allele frequencies over generations

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the biological species concept?

Accepted Answer

Species are defined by their ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of innate behavior in animals?

Accepted Answer

A bird building a nest without prior experience

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Pollen from one population of flowers fertilizes another population nearby

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

It requires no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of behavioral isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of fireflies use different light patterns to attract mates

Question 19

Which of the following is a polyphyletic group?

Accepted Answer

A group that includes species with similar traits but does not include their most recent common ancestor

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-world example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of birds where individuals with very small or very large beaks survive better than those with medium-sized beaks

Evolution, Speciation, and Animal Behavior: Exam 2 Study Guide for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards