Q: A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of g is $$0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.7 \times 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes microevolution?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Question 2

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which equation represents the expected genotype frequencies in a non-evolving population?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 3

A population of beetles has two alleles for shell color: G (green) and g (brown). If the frequency of g is $$0.3$$, what is the expected frequency of heterozygotes under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.7 	imes 0.3 = 0.42$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 5

Which process is the only mechanism that consistently leads to adaptive evolution?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 6

A population of finches on an island experiences a drought, and only those with larger beaks survive to reproduce. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Directional selection

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) evolved resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria with advantageous alleles survived treatment and reproduced.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier?

Accepted Answer

Hybrid offspring are sterile.

Question 9

Which concept defines a species as a group of populations that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring?

Accepted Answer

Biological species concept

Question 10

A population of squirrels is separated by a newly formed river, and over time, the two groups evolve into distinct species. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 11

Which of the following events is most likely to lead to adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

A new habitat becomes available with many ecological niches.

Question 12

The Miller-Urey experiment demonstrated that organic molecules could form under which conditions?

Accepted Answer

Simulated early Earth atmosphere with energy input

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

Cloning

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Cambrian explosion?

Accepted Answer

A rapid diversification of animal life between 541 and 525 million years ago.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution?

Accepted Answer

Wings of bats and wings of birds

Question 16

Which of the following is a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Mating occurs at different times (temporal isolation)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why genetic drift has a greater effect in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Random changes in allele frequencies are more pronounced.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?

Accepted Answer

The human appendix

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

It provides evidence of the extinction of species and the origin of new groups.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of natural selection in action?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

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