Q: A population of snapdragons has 1000 plants: 500 are lavender (BW), 410 are blue (BB), and 90 are white (WW). What is the observed frequency of the W allele?

$$f(W) = \frac{2 \times 90 + 500}{2 \times 1000} = 0.34$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 2

A population of snapdragons has 1000 plants: 500 are lavender (BW), 410 are blue (BB), and 90 are white (WW). What is the observed frequency of the W allele?

Accepted Answer

$$f(W) = \frac{2 	imes 90 + 500}{2 	imes 1000} = 0.34$$

Question 3

Which evolutionary process is the only one that consistently leads to adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 4

In a population, if the observed genotype frequencies do not match the expected Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, what can you conclude?

Accepted Answer

At least one Hardy-Weinberg assumption is violated

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A drastic reduction in population size due to a random event

Question 6

What is the main consequence of genetic drift in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Fixation or loss of alleles by chance

Question 7

Which type of selection favors individuals with intermediate phenotypes?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing selection

Question 8

In the case study of HLA alleles, why were fewer homozygotes observed than expected?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygotes have higher fitness

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of disruptive selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection for both very short and very long beaks in a bird population

Question 10

Why does inbreeding not directly cause evolution?

Accepted Answer

It does not change allele frequencies in the population

Question 11

Which selection mode can maintain genetic variation in a population?

Accepted Answer

Balancing selection

Question 12

A population of 50 animals is isolated on an island. Over generations, one allele becomes fixed. Which evolutionary process most likely caused this?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of frequency-dependent selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection for rare color patterns in guppies

Question 14

Sexual selection is considered a special form of which evolutionary process?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A small group colonizes a new habitat, carrying only a subset of the original genetic variation

Question 16

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what will happen to allele frequencies over generations?

Accepted Answer

They will remain constant

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of inbreeding depression?

Accepted Answer

Decline in average fitness due to increased homozygosity

Question 18

Which selection mode can lead to the formation of new species?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 19

What is the effect of directional selection on a population?

Accepted Answer

It reduces genetic diversity and shifts the mean value of a trait

Question 20

Which of the following is true about balancing selection?

Accepted Answer

It maintains genetic variation in a population

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