Question 1

Which of the following is a key assumption of the Hardy–Weinberg principle?

Accepted Answer

No mutation occurs in the population.

Question 2

If the frequency of allele A in a population is 0.6, what is the expected frequency of genotype AA under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.36$$

Question 3

Which evolutionary process is defined as a change in allele frequencies due to random chance events?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 4

A population of butterflies has the following genotype frequencies: AA = 0.369, Aa = 0.423, aa = 0.208. What is the allele frequency of A?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5805$$

Question 5

Which mode of natural selection increases genetic variation by favoring individuals at both extremes of a trait?

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 6

If a population is not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following could be a reason?

Accepted Answer

Non-random mating is occurring.

Question 7

A statistical test comparing observed and expected genotype frequencies yields a p-value of 0.03. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The result is statistically significant; the population is not in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 8

Which process can increase genetic similarity between two populations?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 9

In a population, the frequency of allele a is 0.4. What is the expected frequency of genotype Aa under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.48$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the bottleneck effect?

Accepted Answer

A sudden reduction in population size due to a catastrophe, leading to a change in allele frequencies.

Question 11

If a population of 1000 individuals has 400 alleles of type A, what is the frequency of allele A?

Accepted Answer

$$0.4$$

Question 12

Which evolutionary process is most likely to introduce new alleles into a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 13

A population of salamanders is split by a new highway. Over time, what process is most likely to cause the two populations to become genetically different?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

High mutation rate

Question 15

If the probability of rolling a six on a fair die is $$\frac{1}{6}$$, what is the probability of rolling a six on two consecutive rolls?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{36}$$

Question 16

Which mode of natural selection favors individuals with average phenotypes and reduces variation?

Accepted Answer

Stabilizing selection

Question 17

A population of green iguanas founds a new island. Which genetic drift effect is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Founder effect

Question 18

Which of the following best describes balancing selection?

Accepted Answer

Selection that maintains two or more alleles in a population.

Question 19

If a statistical test yields a p-value of 0.199, what is the correct interpretation?

Accepted Answer

The result is not statistically significant; fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of non-random mating affecting evolution?

Accepted Answer

Florida panthers inbreeding, increasing the chance of harmful recessive alleles pairing up.

Evolutionary Processes: Study Guide for General Biology

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