Question 1

Which of the following best describes 'descent with modification' as proposed by Darwin?

Accepted Answer

The process by which all species share a common origin and undergo evolutionary change over time

Question 2

A population of beetles is exposed to a new pesticide. Over several generations, most beetles become resistant. Which evolutionary mechanism best explains this change?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 3

Which of the following is a real-world example of a vestigial trait in humans?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

Question 4

A population of rabbits experiences a sudden flood, and only a few survive by chance. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 5

If 16% of a rabbit population is homozygous recessive ($$aa$$), what is the frequency of the heterozygote ($$Aa) $$under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$0.48$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

No conserved DNA among individuals

Question 7

Which process increases homozygosity and can lead to the expression of deleterious alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Inbreeding

Question 8

If 64% of a population is homozygous recessive ($$aa$$), what is the frequency of allele $$a$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.80$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important for a species' survival?

Accepted Answer

It allows individuals with suitable traits to survive and reproduce in changing environments

Question 10

A population of finches on an island shows two distinct beak sizes, each adapted to different seed types, with few intermediates. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Disruptive selection

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of homology?

Accepted Answer

The forelimbs of frogs, birds, rabbits, and lizards

Question 12

Which type of speciation occurs when a geographic barrier divides a population, leading to the formation of new species?

Accepted Answer

Vicariance (allopatric speciation)

Question 13

Which organisms do NOT fit the biological species concept due to their mode of reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 14

A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to DDT over several generations. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Microevolution

Question 15

If white flowers ($$WW) $$occur at a frequency of $$1/100 in a $$population, and incomplete dominance produces pink flowers ($$RW$$), what is the predicted frequency of pink flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$0.18$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a cause of genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection

Question 17

Which of the following best describes punctuated equilibria?

Accepted Answer

Rapid bursts of speciation followed by long periods of stability

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct molecular evidence that humans and chimpanzees share a recent common ancestor?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequence similarity

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding mutations?

Accepted Answer

They can produce beneficial, neutral, or deleterious alleles

Question 20

If gene flow introduces a beneficial allele into a population, what is the likely effect on population fitness?

Accepted Answer

Fitness increases

Exam 2 Review: Evolution, Natural Selection, and Speciation – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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