Q: Which of the following best describes the role of DPIP in the photosynthesis experiment?

DPIP acts as a substitute for NADP\textsuperscript{+} and changes color as it is reduced, allowing measurement of photosynthetic activity.

Q: During cellular respiration, which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{energy}}$$

Q: In the central dogma of biology, which sequence correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of DPIP in the photosynthesis experiment?

Accepted Answer

DPIP acts as a substitute for NADP	extsuperscript{+} and changes color as it is reduced, allowing measurement of photosynthetic activity.

Question 2

A student sets up three tubes for a photosynthesis experiment: one with unboiled chloroplasts in light, one with unboiled chloroplasts in the dark, and one with boiled chloroplasts in light. Which tube will show the greatest reduction of DPIP and why?

Accepted Answer

The tube with unboiled chloroplasts in light, because light drives the electron transport chain, reducing DPIP.

Question 3

During cellular respiration, which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{energy}}$$

Question 4

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate, and how can this be identified under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase; chromosomes are lined up in the center of the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following events increases genetic variability during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I and independent assortment during metaphase I.

Question 6

A dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (YyRr x YyRr) produces which expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why smaller DNA fragments move further during gel electrophoresis?

Accepted Answer

Smaller fragments experience less resistance from the gel matrix and thus migrate faster toward the positive electrode.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about restriction enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA at or near these sites.

Question 9

In the central dogma of biology, which sequence correctly describes the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

A researcher adds IPTG and ONPG to a bacterial culture containing the lac operon. What result would indicate that the lac operon is being expressed?

Accepted Answer

The solution turns yellow as ONPG is cleaved, indicating enzyme activity.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of a plasmid in genetic engineering experiments?

Accepted Answer

A plasmid is a circular DNA molecule used as a vector to transfer genes into bacteria.

Question 12

If a DNA sample is digested with two different restriction enzymes, what would you expect to see on a gel electrophoresis result compared to a sample digested with only one enzyme?

Accepted Answer

More bands, representing more fragments of different sizes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.

Question 14

A student observes a cell under the microscope with chromosomes being pulled toward opposite poles. Which phase is this, and what is happening to the chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase; sister chromatids are separating and moving to opposite poles.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ONPG is used in experiments with the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

ONPG is a substrate analog that, when cleaved by beta-galactosidase, produces a yellow color, indicating gene expression.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of restriction enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Creating recombinant DNA molecules for gene therapy.

Question 17

If a student uses a spectrophotometer (spec) to measure the rate of photosynthesis, what is being measured and why does the absorbance change?

Accepted Answer

The reduction of DPIP; as DPIP is reduced, it becomes colorless, decreasing absorbance.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of IPTG in gene expression experiments?

Accepted Answer

IPTG is an inducer that mimics lactose, allowing transcription of the lac operon.

Question 19

A student isolates DNA from bacterial cells. At which step in the process is the DNA most likely to be found in the supernatant after centrifugation?

Accepted Answer

After cell lysis and removal of cell debris, DNA is in the supernatant.

Exam 2 Study Guide: Photosynthesis, Cell Division, Genetics, Biotechnology, and Gene Expression

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards