Question 1

Which of the following best describes the energy change associated with the citric acid (Krebs) cycle during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It is an exergonic process because it releases energy stored in chemical bonds.

Question 2

During vigorous exercise, your respiration rate increases. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon in the context of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

More oxygen is needed to serve as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing the citric acid cycle to continue producing ATP.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the stage of cellular respiration with its location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle – mitochondrial matrix

Question 4

What is the overall balanced equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about electron acceptors in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water after accepting electrons.

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as the final electron acceptor, while anaerobic respiration uses other molecules such as sulfate or nitrate.

Question 7

During which stage of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 8

Which of the following events introduces genetic variation during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Question 9

A diploid cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and an allele?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait, while an allele is a variant form of that gene.

Question 11

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants (YyRr x YyRr), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 12

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 13

Which scientist(s) contributed X-ray diffraction images that were critical to the discovery of DNA's double helix structure?

Accepted Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Question 14

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 15

What is the function of Okazaki fragments during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

They are short DNA segments synthesized on the lagging strand, later joined by DNA ligase.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the base pairing rules (A with T, G with C) are important for DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

They ensure the uniform width of the double helix and accurate replication.

Question 17

A plant cell with a diploid number of 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 18

Which of the following is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.

Question 19

If a trait is sex-linked and recessive, which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Males, because they have only one X chromosome.

Question 20

Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Exam 3 Biology 111 Study Guide: Cellular Respiration, Mitosis & Meiosis, Inheritance, and DNA Structure

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