Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the formula for maltose ($$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}) is $$not simply twice the formula for glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) after a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule ($$H_2O) is $$removed during the formation of the glycosidic bond, so the formula loses two hydrogens and one oxygen.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for breaking down a polymer into its monomers, and what molecule is required for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; water ($$H_2O) is $$required.

Question 3

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure and function when exposed to high heat. What is this process called, and why does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; because the non-covalent interactions stabilizing the protein structure are disrupted.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct description of a polynucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A polymer made of nucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 6

During meiosis, which event increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 7

A diploid cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to express X-linked recessive traits, such as white eyes in Drosophila?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed.

Question 9

In a cross between a red-eyed female Drosophila ($$X^R X^R) $$and a white-eyed male ($$X^r Y$$), what is the expected genotype and phenotype ratio for the offspring?

Accepted Answer

All offspring will have red eyes; females: $$X^R X^r$$, males: $$X^R Y$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Question 11

A heterozygous plant with genotype $$Rr ($$round seeds) is crossed with another heterozygous plant ($$Rr). $$What is the expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring if round is dominant to wrinkled?

Accepted Answer

3 round : 1 wrinkled

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers produces pink flowers.

Question 13

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities results from a failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 14

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It helps maintain membrane fluidity at different temperatures.

Question 17

If a cell has a diploid number of $$2n = 10$$, how many chromosomes are present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which is influenced by multiple genes.

Exam 3 Study Guide: Macromolecules, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Chromosomal Inheritance

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