Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis in the formation of maltose from two glucose molecules?

Accepted Answer

It removes a water molecule ($$H_2O) as a $$glycosidic bond forms between the glucose monomers.

Question 2

What is the chemical formula for maltose, formed by joining two glucose molecules ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) via dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the formula for maltose is not simply double that of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule ($$H_2O) is $$lost during the formation of the glycosidic bond.

Question 4

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 5

A cell with a diploid number of 8 undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis is complete?

Accepted Answer

4

Question 6

In a cross between an AA (homozygous dominant) and Aa (heterozygous) individual, what proportion of the offspring are expected to be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Question 8

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 9

Which of the following events during meiosis leads to genetic variation in offspring?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment of chromosomes

Question 10

In the provided Punnett square, a red-eyed female Drosophila ($$X^R X^R) is $$crossed with a white-eyed male ($$X^r Y). $$What is the expected phenotype of the male offspring?

Accepted Answer

All red-eyed

Question 11

Why are X-linked recessive traits, such as white eyes in Drosophila, more likely to appear in males than in females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group

Question 13

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To act as catalysts and speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Loss of biological function due to disruption of the protein's three-dimensional structure

Question 15

A person with blood type AB has both A and B antigens on their red blood cells. Which inheritance pattern does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 16

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities results from the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 17

If a child inherits an X-linked recessive disorder from a carrier mother and an unaffected father, what is the probability that a son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Question 20

A geneticist observes a karyotype with three copies of chromosome 21. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy

Exam 3 Study Guide: Macromolecules, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Chromosomal Inheritance

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