Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the formula for maltose ($$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}) is $$not simply twice the formula for glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) when two glucose molecules are joined by dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A water molecule ($$H_2O) is $$removed during the reaction, so the resulting formula is $$C_{12}H$$_{22}$$O_{11}$.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for breaking down a polymer into its monomers, and what molecule is required for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; water ($$H_2O) is $$required.

Question 3

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure and function when exposed to high heat. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 5

During meiosis, which event increases genetic variation by exchanging segments between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 6

A diploid cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 7

In a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio if $$A is $$completely dominant over $$a$$?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why X-linked recessive traits are more common in males than females?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will result in the trait.

Question 9

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 10

Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities results from a failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 11

If a child inherits an extra chromosome 21, what condition will result?

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

Question 13

A woman who is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder ($$X^N X^n) $$and a man who is unaffected ($$X^N Y) $$have a son. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$50\%$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 15

Which molecule is the monomer of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Question 16

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 18

A dihybrid cross between two individuals heterozygous for both traits ($$AaBb 	imes AaBb) $$produces what phenotypic ratio if the genes assort independently?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix composed of two polynucleotide strands.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red-flowered and white-flowered snapdragons produces pink-flowered offspring.

Exam 3 Study Guide: Macromolecules, Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Chromosomal Inheritance

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