Question 1

Which structure in the kidney is primarily responsible for filtering blood to form urine?

Accepted Answer

The nephron

Question 2

What is the main function of the Bowman's capsule in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Ultrafiltration of blood

Question 3

Which of the following substances is NOT normally found in the glomerular filtrate after ultrafiltration?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 4

If a person drinks a large amount of water, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The volume of urine produced will increase

Question 5

Which part of the nephron is directly involved in the process of ultrafiltration?

Accepted Answer

Bowman's capsule

Question 6

A patient’s urine contains a high amount of protein. Which kidney structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule

Question 7

Given that an adult produces about 1.5 dm$^3$ of urine daily, how many grams of waste products and salts are excreted per day if each liter contains 40 g?

Accepted Answer

$1.5 	imes 40 = 60$ g

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of the basement membrane in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a filter, preventing large molecules from passing

Question 9

Why are blood cells not found in the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

They are too large to pass through the filtration layers

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the flow of urine from its formation to excretion?

Accepted Answer

Nephron → pelvis → ureter → bladder

Question 11

A person is suffering from dehydration. Which change in urine production would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased urine volume and increased concentration

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why glucose is found in the glomerular filtrate but not in the final urine of a healthy individual?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is reabsorbed back into the blood in the nephron

Question 13

Which process in the nephron is most directly responsible for the removal of urea from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Ultrafiltration in the Bowman's capsule

Question 14

If the basement membrane in the nephron is damaged, which of the following is most likely to be found in the urine?

Accepted Answer

Large proteins

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cortex in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It contains the filtering units called nephrons

Question 16

A patient has a blockage in the ureter. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Urine will accumulate in the pelvis and kidney

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the medulla of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It contains tubules that eventually join up and lead to the pelvis

Question 18

Which of the following would most likely result from a failure of ultrafiltration in the Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of waste products in the blood

Question 19

If a person’s kidneys are not functioning properly, which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Build-up of waste products in the blood

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the nephron is considered the functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for filtering blood and forming urine

Excretion and the Structure and Function of the Human Kidney

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