Q: According to the Central Dogma of Biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the two main components of the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are made of cells, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

A scientist observes a single-celled organism dividing into two identical daughter cells. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotic cells possess one.

Question 4

Which of the following best defines heredity?

Accepted Answer

The transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

Question 5

According to the Central Dogma of Biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of insects develops resistance to a pesticide over several generations.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring, while sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

Question 9

A plant uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. This is an example of which type of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophic metabolism

Question 10

Which of the following best defines homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of regulatory homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A human sweating to cool down when body temperature rises.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutations are changes in DNA that can introduce new genetic variation into a population.

Question 13

Which of the following best summarizes the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, which are passed from parents to offspring.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 15

A scientist discovers a new organism that is unicellular, lacks a nucleus, and reproduces by binary fission. Which domain does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates conformative homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A fish’s internal salt concentration changes to match the surrounding water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of heterotrophic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A lion digesting and absorbing nutrients from its prey.

Question 18

Which process results in the production of gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They lack cellular structure and cannot carry out metabolism independently.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in determining the characteristics of organisms?

Accepted Answer

Proteins carry out most cellular functions and determine traits by their structure and function.

Foundations of Biology: Shared Characteristics of Life

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