$$\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which sequence correctly represents the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organism

Question 3

Natural selection is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 4

Which step in the scientific method involves making a prediction based on a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Deduction

Question 5

Which four elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 6

Given an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for the cohesion of water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 8

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Question 9

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 10

What is the effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on seawater?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the pH of seawater, making it more acidic.

Question 11

Which functional group is present in all amino acids and is responsible for their acidic properties?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a structural isomer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose

Question 13

Which statement best explains why carbon is so important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for diverse molecular structures.

Question 14

Which of the following pairs correctly matches a polymer with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate - monosaccharide

Question 15

Which property of water is most important for the transport of nutrients in plants?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The double helix structure allows DNA to store genetic information and replicate accurately.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Low boiling point

Question 18

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of pH?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+]$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life example of adaptive radiation?

Accepted Answer

The diversification of finch species on the Galápagos Islands.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Proteins catalyze biochemical reactions and provide structural support.

Foundations of Biology: Themes, Chemistry, Water, Carbon, and Biological Molecules

Study Guide - Practice Questions