Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They all arise from spontaneous generation.

Question 2

According to the cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 3

Which experiment provided evidence against the idea of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment

Question 4

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Question 5

Which process describes the conversion of genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 6

If a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence of a gene, which of the following is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

The phenotype of the organism may change.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a genotype?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of nucleotides in a gene

Question 9

In the context of evolution by natural selection, what does 'fitness' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an individual to produce offspring

Question 10

Which condition is necessary for natural selection to occur in a population?

Accepted Answer

Individuals must vary in characteristics that are heritable.

Question 11

Which statement best explains the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Hereditary information is located in genes on chromosomes.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct representation of the base pairing in DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick?

Accepted Answer

$$A$$ pairs with $$T$$, $$C$$ pairs with $$G$$

Question 13

A population of beetles has green and brown color morphs. If brown beetles survive better in a forest after a fire, which concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation through natural selection

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct binomial nomenclature for humans?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 15

Which statement about viruses is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Viruses have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material.

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the process by which cells produce chemical energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of speciation?

Accepted Answer

Formation of new species when populations diverge

Question 18

Which concept is illustrated by the statement: 'All species, past and present, trace their ancestry to a single common ancestor'?

Accepted Answer

The Tree of Life

Question 19

Which of the following is used to show the evolutionary relationship between taxa?

Accepted Answer

Phylogenetic tree

Question 20

A scientist observes that a certain trait increases the fitness of an organism in a particular environment. What is this trait called?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation

Foundations of General Biology: Cell Theory, Evolution, and Biological Classification

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