Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made up of cells, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

Question 2

A scientist observes a new organism under a microscope and notes that it is unicellular and lacks a membrane-bound nucleus. Based on this observation, to which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 4

If a light microscope can resolve structures as small as 200 nm, what is the smallest structure it can clearly distinguish?

Accepted Answer

$$200 \ \mathrm{nm}$$

Question 5

Which type of electron microscopy is best suited for visualizing the 3D surface features of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

Question 6

A cell is measured to be $$750 \ \mathrm{cm} in $$length. Convert this measurement to micrometers ($$\mu\mathrm{m}).$$

Accepted Answer

$$7,500,000 \ \mu\mathrm{m}$$

Question 7

Which statement about the Central Dogma is correct?

Accepted Answer

It describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms according to the five fundamental characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack cells and do not fulfill all five criteria of life.

Question 9

Which process is directly responsible for passing hereditary information from one generation to the next?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA

Question 10

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace contributed to biology by providing an explanation for how evolution occurs. What is the name of this explanation?

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells are generally unicellular and lack membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

An organism acquires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) primarily through which process?

Accepted Answer

Chemical reactions that break down nutrients

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of how evolution leads to diversification of life?

Accepted Answer

Species change over time due to genetic variation and natural selection.

Question 14

Which domain includes both plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 15

A researcher wants to study the interior structure of mitochondria at very high resolution. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes phylogenetic trees?

Accepted Answer

They hypothesize evolutionary relationships between species based on genetic sequence.

Question 17

If $$1 \ \mathrm{cm} = 10^7$ \ \mathrm{nm}$$, how many nanometers are in $$2 \ \mathrm{cm}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$2 	imes 10^7$ \ \mathrm{nm}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of how information is used in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Environmental signals can influence gene expression, affecting phenotype.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a building block for DNA synthesis

Question 20

Which statement best explains why all cells come from preexisting cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells divide to produce new cells, maintaining continuity of life.

Foundations of General Biology: Cells, Microscopy, and the Tree of Life

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