Q: A DNA strand has the sequence $$5'\text{–}CCCTTAGGAACC\text{–}3'. $$What is the complementary DNA strand?

$$3'\text{–}GGGAATCCTTGG\text{–}5'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A property that arises when individual components interact to produce new functions not present in the components alone.

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the group that does NOT receive the fertilizer called?

Accepted Answer

Control group

Question 3

Which of the following statements about ionic and covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 4

Water has a high specific heat capacity. What is the biological significance of this property?

Accepted Answer

It helps organisms maintain a stable internal temperature despite fluctuations in environmental temperature.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. How many more hydrogen ions ($$H^+) $$does it have compared to a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

$$10$$ times more $$H^+$$ ions

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature while saturated fatty acids are solid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, causing kinks that prevent tight packing.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 8

A DNA strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{–}CCCTTAGGAACC	ext{–}3'. $$What is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{–}GGGAATCCTTGG	ext{–}5'$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins to their final destinations in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell disease, which is caused by a single amino acid substitution in the protein hemoglobin. Which type of macromolecule is directly affected in this disease?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and is double-stranded; RNA contains ribose and is single-stranded.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell, tissue, organ, organism

Question 14

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for polar and ionic substances?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to surround and interact with charged and polar molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of cellulose that distinguishes it from starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose is not digestible by humans due to the lack of the proper enzyme.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining cell shape and enabling movement of organelles

Question 19

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have them.

Question 20

A scientist discovers a new organism that is unicellular, lacks a nucleus, and has a cell wall. To which domain does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Foundations of General Biology: Scientific Method, Chemistry of Life, Macromolecules, and Cell Structure

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