Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a hypothesis and a theory in scientific inquiry?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a set of observations, while a theory is broader in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 2

Which feature is NOT considered essential for a scientific fact?

Accepted Answer

It is always falsifiable.

Question 3

A scientist observes that a certain plant grows faster in sunlight than in shade. She proposes that sunlight increases the rate of photosynthesis, leading to faster growth. What is her next step according to the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Formulate a testable hypothesis and design an experiment to test it.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a population in biological terms?

Accepted Answer

All the frogs of the same species living in a specific pond.

Question 5

Which statement best describes biological evolution?

Accepted Answer

Change in allele frequencies within a population over generations.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a feature of scientific theories?

Accepted Answer

Opinion-based

Question 7

If a compound is formed from sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl), which statement is true about the properties of the resulting compound?

Accepted Answer

The compound's properties are not the exact combination of sodium and chlorine's properties.

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A human maintaining a stable internal body temperature despite changes in external temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about elements and compounds?

Accepted Answer

Compounds have properties different from the elements that compose them.

Question 10

A researcher wants to test the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. What is the group that does not receive the fertilizer called?

Accepted Answer

Control group

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Observation → Hypothesis → Experiment → Results → Conclusion

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A human with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of energy in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy is necessary for all cellular processes, including growth, development, and homeostasis.

Question 14

Which statement about molecules and compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

Question 15

A student claims that sound and heat are forms of matter because they can be felt and heard. Based on the definition of matter, is this claim correct?

Accepted Answer

No, because matter must have mass and take up space, while sound and heat are forms of energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics over several generations.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to remain unchanged over generations

Question 18

If the frequency of allele A in a population changes from 0.4 to 0.6 over 10 generations, what biological process does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Biological evolution

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the properties of water (H$_2$O) are different from those of hydrogen and oxygen?

Accepted Answer

The properties of a compound are not the exact combinations of the properties of its elements.

Question 20

Which of the following is a systematic approach to understanding natural explanations for specific questions?

Accepted Answer

Science

Foundations of General Biology: Scientific Method, Evolution, and Biological Organization

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