Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental characteristics shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They must be able to move independently.

Question 2

According to the cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in living cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and provides the necessary energy for cellular processes.

Question 4

A scientist discovers a new entity that can replicate, uses energy, and contains genetic information, but is not made of cells. According to the properties of life, how should this entity be classified?

Accepted Answer

It is not considered alive because it lacks cellular structure.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 6

What is the main reason water has a high specific heat compared to other substances?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules form multiple hydrogen bonds that require more energy to break.

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to move upward through the stem of a plant against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion and adhesion

Question 8

A solution with a pH of 4 has how many times more protons ($$[H^+]) $$than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$$1000$$ times more

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable structures.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration (condensation) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which two monomers are joined together and a molecule of water is released.

Question 11

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 12

A protein's function is most directly determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in its primary structure

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The environment selects for individuals with traits that enhance survival and reproduction.

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of lipids that distinguishes them from other macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

They are generally insoluble in water due to their nonpolar nature.

Question 16

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a crystalline structure that is less dense than liquid water.

Question 18

Which of the following functional groups is correctly matched with its property?

Accepted Answer

Amino group: acts as a base

Question 19

If a solution has a high concentration of $$OH^-$$ ions, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is basic and has a pH greater than 7.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are made up of repeating monomer subunits joined by covalent bonds.

Foundations of Life: Properties, Chemistry, and Biological Molecules

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