Question 1

Which functional group is characterized by being polar, able to hydrogen bond, and is made of an oxygen and a hydrogen atom?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl

Question 2

A molecule contains a functional group made of a nitrogen and two hydrogens. Which property does this group confer to the molecule?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a base when it accepts an H$^+$ ion.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a biological macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 4

During a dehydration reaction, what is formed as a byproduct when two monomers join together?

Accepted Answer

H$_2$O

Question 5

Which functional group is polar, contains a phosphorus atom, and is highly reactive due to its interaction with water?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate

Question 6

What is the main difference between dehydration and hydrolysis reactions in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration forms bonds by removing water, hydrolysis breaks bonds by adding water.

Question 7

A carboxyl group can act as an acid in solution. What does this mean in terms of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

It donates H$^+$ ions to the solution.

Question 8

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers in the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 9

If a protein is formed by linking amino acids together, which type of reaction is responsible for this process?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A molecule made by joining many small molecules together.

Question 11

Which functional group is found in both amino acids and can act as a base by accepting an H$^+$ ion?

Accepted Answer

Amino

Question 12

A scientist adds water to a polysaccharide and observes that it breaks down into monosaccharides. Which reaction has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct analogy for a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

Two people from different families get married and move into a new home.

Question 14

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acids

Question 15

Which functional group is negatively charged and highly reactive due to its interaction with water?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate

Question 16

What is the product of the following reaction: C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$ + C$_6$H$_{12}$O$_6$ $\rightarrow$ C$_{12}$H$_{22}$O$_{11}$ + H$_2$O?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis of a disaccharide

Question 17

Which of the following statements about hydrolysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It breaks bonds between monomers by adding water.

Question 18

A student claims that all functional groups are nonpolar. Which example disproves this statement?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group

Question 19

Which macromolecule is most likely to contain a carboxyl group and an amino group?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 20

If a dehydration reaction joins two monomers, what must happen for them to be separated again?

Accepted Answer

A hydrolysis reaction must occur.

Functional Groups and Biological Macromolecules: Structure and Formation

Study Guide - Practice Questions