Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for the acidic properties of amino acids and is commonly found at the end of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl group ($-COOH$)

Question 2

A molecule contains the following group: $-SH$. What is the name of this functional group and what is its primary chemical property?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group; weakly polar and reactive

Question 3

Which of the following functional groups is most likely to increase the solubility of a molecule in water due to its polarity?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($-OH$)

Question 4

A student draws the structure of ATP and highlights three groups containing $-OPO_3^{2-}$. What property do these groups confer to ATP?

Accepted Answer

Negative charge and high energy transfer potential

Question 5

Which functional group is found in both sugars and is important for hydrogen bonding with water?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group ($-OH$)

Question 6

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$ contains both a carbonyl and multiple hydroxyl groups. Which type of molecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A sugar (monosaccharide)

Question 7

Which functional group is most likely to participate in the formation of disulfide bridges in proteins, affecting their tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($-SH$)

Question 8

A molecule contains a $-NH_2$ group. What effect does this group have on the molecule's acid-base properties?

Accepted Answer

It makes the molecule basic

Question 9

Which of the following is true about the methyl group ($-CH_3$)?

Accepted Answer

It is hydrophobic and not chemically reactive

Question 10

A molecule with the structure $CH_3-CO-CH_3$ contains which functional group, and what is its classification?

Accepted Answer

Ketone group; internal carbonyl

Question 11

Which functional group is present in the structure of ATP and is responsible for its role in energy transfer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($-OPO_3^{2-}$)

Question 12

A molecule contains both a carboxyl group and an amino group. What type of biological molecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

An amino acid

Question 13

Which functional group is most likely to be found in DNA and RNA, contributing to their negative charge?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group ($-OPO_3^{2-}$)

Question 14

A molecule with the formula $C_3H_6O_2$ contains a carboxyl group. Which of the following is the correct structural formula for this molecule?

Accepted Answer

$CH_3-COOH$

Question 15

Which functional group is most likely to be involved in gene expression regulation in humans?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($-CH_3$)

Question 16

A molecule contains both a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group. Which type of sugar is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A monosaccharide

Question 17

Which of the following functional groups is NOT hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Methyl group ($-CH_3$)

Question 18

A molecule with the formula $C_6H_{12}O$ and a carbonyl group in the middle of the chain is classified as which type of compound?

Accepted Answer

Ketone

Question 19

Which functional group is weakly polar and can form covalent bonds in proteins, but is not highly soluble in water?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl group ($-SH$)

Question 20

A molecule contains a $-CO$ group at the end of its carbon chain. What is the name of this functional group and what is its classification?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde group; terminal carbonyl

Functional Groups in Organic Molecules: Structure, Properties, and Biological Significance

Study Guide - Practice Questions