$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}} + \text{ATP} \rightarrow \text{active transport}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It actively pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ into the cell for each ATP molecule used.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis is experiencing slowed nerve conduction. Which cellular structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

What is the main difference between the somatic and autonomic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic controls skeletal muscles; autonomic controls smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} + 	ext{ATP} ightarrow 	ext{active transport}$$

Question 6

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the retina of the eye?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 7

A nerve impulse travels faster in which type of axon?

Accepted Answer

Large-diameter, myelinated axon

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a resting neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside?

Accepted Answer

Negatively charged proteins are trapped inside the cell and K+ diffuses out.

Question 9

Which glial cell type is responsible for phagocytizing necrotic tissue and microorganisms in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 10

What is the primary function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Form myelin sheaths around a single axon

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ligand-gated ion channels in neuron communication?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to binding of neurotransmitters or hormones.

Question 12

During an action potential, which event occurs immediately after the membrane reaches its maximum depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na+ channels inactivate and K+ channels open

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

They can be depolarizing or hyperpolarizing and decrease in magnitude as they spread.

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is rapidly broken down by acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 15

A patient has a nerve injury in the PNS. Which cell type is most important for guiding axon regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next in myelinated axons.

Question 17

Which type of synapse allows for rapid, synchronized activity between cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Electrical synapse

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the 'all-or-none' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Once threshold is reached, an action potential of fixed magnitude is generated.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the change in membrane potential during depolarization?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{	ext{m}}: -70\ \mathrm{mV} ightarrow -55\ \mathrm{mV}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Receiving sensory input and integrating information

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue: Chapter 11 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions