Question 1

Which of the following best describes an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A characteristic that arises only when individual components interact in a system.

Question 2

Which of the following elements is NOT considered an essential element for life?

Accepted Answer

Lead

Question 3

A neutral atom of sodium ($$Na) $$has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 4

Which statement correctly describes the difference between isotopes of the same element?

Accepted Answer

They have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 6

A molecule of water ($$H_2O) is $$held together by which type of bond, and water molecules are held to each other by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds within the molecule; hydrogen bonds between molecules

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require more energy to break.

Question 8

If a solution contains $$0.5$$ moles of solute in $$1$$ liter of solution, what is its molarity?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5 M$$

Question 9

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

ATP releases energy when a phosphate group is removed.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

One atom is more electronegative, causing electrons to be shared unequally.

Question 11

A scientist is using radiometric dating to determine the age of a fossil. Which property of isotopes is most important for this technique?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes decay spontaneously, releasing energy over time.

Question 12

Which of the following is a trace element required in only small quantities for life?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the concept of chemical equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

The forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate.

Question 14

A solution is made by dissolving $$10$$ grams of $$NaCl ($$molecular mass $$= 58.44 g/$$mol) in $$1$$ liter of water. What is the molarity of $$NaCl in $$the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{10}{58.44} = 0.171 M$$

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a van der Waals interaction?

Accepted Answer

Temporary attractions between molecules due to uneven electron distribution.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about ions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cations are positively charged ions formed when an atom loses an electron.

Question 17

Which property of water allows insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a solution?

Accepted Answer

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

They are mirror images of each other.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of functional groups in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are the components most commonly involved in chemical reactions.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for General Biology

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