Question 1

Which of the following lists biological structures in order from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, virus, organelle, prokaryotic cell, eukaryotic cell

Question 2

Which of the following is a compound?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 3

Which type of bond requires the most energy to break?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 4

What determines whether a covalent bond is polar?

Accepted Answer

The difference in electronegativity between the two atoms

Question 5

Why does water form hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

Because water molecules have polar covalent bonds

Question 6

Which of the following molecules is most likely to be hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

CH$$_4$$

Question 7

Which statement best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

Their hydrophobic tails avoid water while their hydrophilic heads interact with water

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

A compound containing carbon and usually hydrogen

Question 9

Which property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of molecular structures?

Accepted Answer

Its ability to form four covalent bonds

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and energy

Question 11

A DNA sample contains 30\% adenine (A). According to Chargaff’s rules, what percentage of guanine (G) should be present?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 13

Which part of an amino acid determines its unique chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

The side chain (R group)

Question 14

A mutation changes a nonpolar amino acid in a protein to a charged amino acid. Which level(s) of protein structure could this affect?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why DNA is more stable than RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA lacks a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon of its sugar

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a biological macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 17

Which of the following molecules is most likely to dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

C$$_2H$_5OH$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of lipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming cell membranes and storing energy

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the importance of protein tertiary structure?

Accepted Answer

A protein loses its function after being exposed to high heat, which disrupts its three-dimensional shape

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why a mutation that changes a hydrophilic amino acid to a hydrophobic one in the active site of an enzyme could reduce its activity?

Accepted Answer

The active site may no longer interact properly with the substrate due to altered chemical properties

Fundamental Concepts in General Biology: Atoms, Molecules, and Biological Macromolecules

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