Question 1

Which property of water is primarily a result of hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Its high surface tension

Question 2

A scientist is studying a cell membrane and observes that certain molecules can pass through easily while others cannot. Which property of the phospholipid bilayer is responsible for this selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic tails prevent passage of polar molecules

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more stable and hold water molecules further apart

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main groups of carbon-based macromolecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Question 5

A biologist is comparing DNA and RNA. Which of the following statements is correct regarding their base pairing?

Accepted Answer

RNA uses uracil paired with adenine

Question 6

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four most abundant elements in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single subunit, while a polymer is a chain of monomers

Question 8

Which of the following domains includes organisms with cells that lack a nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Both Bacteria and Archaea

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the DNA sequence. Which base pair change would NOT be possible in normal DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine paired with cytosine

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why oil does not mix with water?

Accepted Answer

Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 12

A researcher is studying the breakdown of starch in the human digestive system. Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down this polymer into its monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

Which of the following statements about phospholipids in biological membranes is correct?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environment

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

They hold the two strands of the double helix together

Question 15

A student is asked to identify the four main groups of carbon-based macromolecules in a sample. Which set correctly lists all four?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dehydration synthesis reaction for forming a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a domain and a representative organism?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya – mushroom

Question 18

A mutation causes a cell to produce a phospholipid with two hydrophilic tails. What is the most likely effect on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The membrane would lose its bilayer structure and become unstable

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds absorb heat when they break and release heat when they form

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the domains of life is correct?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Fundamental Concepts for exam 1 overall

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