Q: Which process correctly describes the 'central dogma' of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the fundamental characteristics that define life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 2

In the flow of energy on Earth, which sequence correctly represents the transfer of energy from the sun to higher trophic levels?

Accepted Answer

Sun $$\rightarrow$$ Producers $$\rightarrow$$ Consumers $$\rightarrow$$ Secondary Consumers

Question 3

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 4

A gene is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule

Question 5

Which process correctly describes the 'central dogma' of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the relationship between structure and function in biology?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function at molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal levels

Question 7

Which of the following statements about natural selection is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection favors traits that increase survival and reproduction in a given environment

Question 8

Which taxonomic group includes organisms with a nucleoid region but no membrane-bound nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct scientific definition of a theory?

Accepted Answer

A well-supported explanation of natural phenomena based on consistent evidence

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of adaptation in a population?

Accepted Answer

A population of mice develops darker fur over generations to blend into a charred forest

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between a scientific law and a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A law describes what happens; a theory explains why it happens

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a domain of life?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 13

Which of the following best describes gene expression?

Accepted Answer

The process by which information from DNA is used to synthesize RNA and then protein

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of binomial nomenclature?

Accepted Answer

Panthera tigris

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Most people have the same genes, but different alleles can result in different traits

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible consequence if a cell loses its ability to maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The cell may fail to regulate its internal environment and die

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A molecule consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a real-world application of the relationship between structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The biconcave shape of red blood cells increases their surface area for oxygen transport

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{mRNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 20

A scientist observes that a population of bacteria survives better in high-salt environments after several generations. Which process best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Adaptation through natural selection

Fundamentals of Biology (SB251) - Introductory Study Notes

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