Question 1

Which process is responsible for the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood in the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 2

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 4

Why is saline (salt water) used instead of pure water for intravenous fluids in hospitals?

Accepted Answer

Saline maintains isotonic conditions, preventing cell lysis or shrinkage

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood and forms urine by reabsorbing water and solutes

Question 6

A marathon runner is likely to have more mitochondria in their muscle cells than an average person. Why?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria produce ATP needed for sustained muscle activity

Question 7

Which feedback loop is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels after eating a meal?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 8

What is the main reason cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

To maximize surface area to volume ratio for efficient diffusion

Question 9

Which of the following molecules can easily diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules

Question 10

During osmoregulation, what role do aquaporins play in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the diffusion of water across membranes

Question 11

If a person’s blood glucose level drops below normal, which hormone is released to increase it?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why diffusion is important for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion enables oxygen to enter cells and carbon dioxide to exit

Question 13

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of lead exposure on the human body?

Accepted Answer

Decreased bone and muscle growth

Question 15

Which formula represents the calculation for surface area to volume ratio for a cube?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{6a^2$}{a^3$}$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a product of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 17

What is the main function of feedback loops in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To maintain homeostasis by regulating internal conditions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a protein channel

Question 19

Why do babies need to be bundled up in winter, based on their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

Babies have a higher surface area to volume ratio and lose heat quickly

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of osmosis in plant cells placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell becomes turgid

Gas Exchange, Diffusion, and Cellular Regulation in Human Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions