Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. What type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder. Which cellular process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 8

Which of the following statements about diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct description of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins.

Question 11

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter.

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of glucose into a cell against its concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 16

A mutation in the DNA of a cell leads to the production of a nonfunctional enzyme. Which cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why plant cells do not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

They have a cell wall that provides structural support.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glucose absorption in the small intestine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a high number of ribosomes. What can you infer about this cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It is specialized for protein synthesis.

Gene Expression and Regulation: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions