Question 1

Which of the following correctly represents the mRNA sequence transcribed from the DNA template strand 5'-TACGGTACG-3'?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUGCCAUGC-3'

Question 2

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, while prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of RNA splicing in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Removal of introns and joining of exons in the pre-mRNA

Question 5

A mutation changes the codon UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; it introduces a premature stop codon

Question 6

Which of the following post-translational modifications is most likely to target a protein for degradation?

Accepted Answer

Ubiquitination

Question 7

Given the mRNA sequence 5'-AUGGCCUAA-3', what is the resulting polypeptide sequence using the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Methionine-Alanine

Question 8

Which of the following statements about translation in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Translation can begin before transcription is finished.

Question 9

A point mutation changes the codon GAA (glutamic acid) to GAG (also glutamic acid). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 11

Which of the following is a key step in eukaryotic mRNA processing that does NOT occur in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap

Question 12

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a frameshift mutation. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 14

If a DNA coding strand reads 5'-ATG TTT GGC-3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUG UUU GGC-3'

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a missense mutation can have a significant effect on protein function?

Accepted Answer

It changes one amino acid in the protein, potentially altering its structure and function.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a disease caused by a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a step in translation?

Accepted Answer

Splicing of introns

Question 18

A scientist observes that a protein is not functional because it lacks a phosphate group. Which post-translational modification is most likely missing?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the triplet code?

Accepted Answer

A set of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid

Question 20

Which of the following is a consequence of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

The protein is shortened due to a premature stop codon.

Gene Expression: From DNA to Protein (Transcription, Translation, and Mutations)

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