Q: Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 2

A mutation changes a codon from $$UAC to$$ $$UAA in $$the coding region of a gene. What is the most likely result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A nonsense mutation that introduces a premature stop codon

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is nearly universal among all organisms

Question 4

In eukaryotic cells, what is the function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They protect mRNA from degradation and help ribosomes bind

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the attachment of amino acids to their corresponding tRNAs?

Accepted Answer

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 6

A scientist introduces a gene from a jellyfish into a mouse, and the mouse expresses the jellyfish protein. What does this experiment demonstrate about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a frameshift mutation is often more damaging than a point substitution?

Accepted Answer

It alters the reading frame, changing all downstream amino acids

Question 8

During transcription in eukaryotes, what is the role of the TATA box?

Accepted Answer

It is a promoter element crucial for initiation complex formation

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA molecules with catalytic activity

Question 10

Alternative RNA splicing allows eukaryotic cells to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple polypeptides from a single gene

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the signal-recognition particle (SRP) during translation?

Accepted Answer

It directs ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum for protein targeting

Question 12

A mutation in the promoter region of a gene most likely affects which process?

Accepted Answer

The initiation of transcription

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about transcription and translation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Translation can begin before transcription is finished

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the 5' cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Directly catalyzing peptide bond formation during translation

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant but not ambiguous'?

Accepted Answer

More than one codon can specify the same amino acid, but each codon specifies only one amino acid

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of a nonsense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A codon is changed to a stop codon, leading to a truncated protein

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

It uses mRNA as a template to synthesize a polypeptide

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide substitution that does not change the amino acid sequence of the protein. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of spliceosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They catalyze the removal of introns from pre-mRNA

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential risk of using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in humans?

Accepted Answer

It may cause unintended mutations in non-target genes

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Chapter 17 Study Notes)

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