Q: If the DNA template strand reads $$5'\text{–TAC–GGA–TTC–3'}$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

$$5'\text{–AUG–CCU–AAG–3'}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotes, which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II

Question 3

Which of the following sequences is most likely to be found at the promoter region of a eukaryotic gene, facilitating the binding of transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{TATAAA}$$

Question 4

A mutation changes the codon $$	ext{UAC} ($$tyrosine) to $$	ext{UAA} in an $$mRNA sequence. What type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why a frameshift mutation can have a more severe effect on protein function than a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutations change the reading frame, altering all downstream amino acids.

Question 6

Which step of transcription involves the unwinding of DNA and the formation of the transcription bubble?

Accepted Answer

Initiation

Question 7

During translation, what is the role of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence.

Question 8

A patient with sickle cell anemia has a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation is a single nucleotide substitution that changes glutamic acid to valine. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

Question 10

If the DNA template strand reads $$5'	ext{–TAC–GGA–TTC–3'}$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{–AUG–CCU–AAG–3'}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a possible consequence of a nonsense mutation in a gene coding for an essential enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme will be truncated and likely nonfunctional.

Question 12

Which process is directly affected by mutations in the promoter region of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 13

CRISPR-Cas9 technology is primarily used for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Gene editing

Question 14

Which of the following codons serves as a start codon for translation in most organisms?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 15

A mutation deletes two nucleotides from the coding region of a gene. What is the most likely effect on the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The reading frame will shift, altering all downstream amino acids.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the TATA box in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It is a promoter sequence that helps position RNA polymerase.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal and redundant.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 19

A mutation in the gene encoding tRNA prevents it from binding to its specific amino acid. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be synthesized with a missing amino acid at the corresponding position.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why silent mutations do not affect protein function?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutations do not change the encoded amino acid due to redundancy in the genetic code.

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Chapter 17) – Study Guide and Key Concepts

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