Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation changes the codon $$	ext{UUA} ($$which codes for leucine) to $$	ext{UUG} ($$which also codes for leucine). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 3

Which of the following statements about transcription in eukaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves the addition of a 5' cap and poly-A tail to the mRNA.

Question 4

Which of the following is a property of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The code is redundant, with multiple codons coding for the same amino acid.

Question 5

A tRNA molecule has the anticodon $$	ext{GAA}. $$Which mRNA codon will it recognize during translation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{UUC}$$

Question 6

Which of the following events occurs during RNA processing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A 5' cap is added and a poly-A tail is attached to the pre-mRNA.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why a frameshift mutation is often more damaging than a point mutation?

Accepted Answer

It results in the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, altering the reading frame and potentially changing every amino acid downstream.

Question 8

In prokaryotes, which of the following statements about gene expression is true?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm.

Question 9

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} ($$tyrosine) to $$	ext{UAA} ($$stop codon). What is the result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Carrying amino acids to the ribosome

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 12

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA first bind?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mutations is correct?

Accepted Answer

A nonsense mutation changes an amino acid codon to a stop codon.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are specified by more than one codon.

Question 15

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes splicing to remove introns, while prokaryotic mRNA does not.

Question 16

If a DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-TACGGTACG-}3'$$, what is the sequence of the mRNA transcribed from this region?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-AUGCCAUGC-}3'$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It helps protect the mRNA from degradation.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Question 19

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a single nucleotide insertion in a protein-coding gene. Which of the following best describes the likely effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein will likely be nonfunctional due to a frameshift mutation.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about the direction of synthesis for both DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Both are synthesized in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction.

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Chapter 14 Study Notes)

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