$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The process that copies DNA into a complementary RNA sequence.

Question 3

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following is required in addition to RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 4

A DNA template strand has the sequence $$5'	ext{-TACGGCATG-3'}. $$What is the sequence of the mRNA transcript produced?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-AUGCCGUAC-3'}$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about RNA splicing is correct?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined together to form mature mRNA.

Question 6

Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 7

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA} in $$the coding region of a gene. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein is truncated due to a premature stop codon.

Question 8

Which of the following is a post-translational modification that can regulate protein function?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 9

What is the function of the A site on the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain.

Question 10

Which of the following properties is NOT shared by RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Requires a primer to begin synthesis.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as redundant but not ambiguous?

Accepted Answer

More than one codon can specify the same amino acid.

Question 12

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Insertion or deletion of one or two nucleotides

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during translation initiation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Small ribosomal subunit binds mRNA, initiator tRNA binds start codon, large subunit joins

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are composed of rRNA and protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Protects the mRNA from degradation

Question 16

A tRNA has the anticodon $$5'	ext{-GAA-3'}. $$Which mRNA codon will it recognize?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{-CUU-3'}$$

Question 17

Which of the following mutations is LEAST likely to be deleterious?

Accepted Answer

Replacement of a codon with another codon that specifies the same amino acid.

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of a nonsense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A stop codon is introduced prematurely, truncating the protein.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the direction of synthesis for both DNA and RNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize nucleic acids in the $$5' \rightarrow 3'$$ direction.

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible outcome of alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

Production of different protein variants from the same gene

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Chapter 17 Study Guide)

Study Guide - Practice Questions