Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription is the process by which RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template in the nucleus.

Question 2

During RNA processing in eukaryotes, which modification occurs at the 5' end of the pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap

Question 3

What is the function of spliceosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They remove introns and join exons during RNA splicing.

Question 4

A gene has the following coding strand sequence: 5' ATGCTAAG 3'. What is the sequence of the mRNA produced from this gene?

Accepted Answer

$$5' AUGCUAAG 3'$$

Question 5

Which of the following statements about alternative RNA splicing is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple polypeptides.

Question 6

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in translation?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 7

Which site on the ribosome holds the tRNA carrying the next amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A site

Question 8

During translation, what establishes the reading frame for the mRNA?

Accepted Answer

The start codon (AUG)

Question 9

Which of the following best explains the concept of 'wobble' in tRNA-mRNA pairing?

Accepted Answer

It allows tRNAs to bind to more than one codon due to flexible pairing at the third base.

Question 10

What happens during the termination stage of translation?

Accepted Answer

A release factor binds to the stop codon, causing the addition of a water molecule and release of the polypeptide.

Question 11

Which of the following modifications may occur to a protein after translation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of sugars, lipids, or phosphate groups

Question 12

A mutation causes a spliceosome to fail to remove an intron from pre-mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The resulting protein will contain an incorrect amino acid sequence.

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 14

If the template DNA strand has the sequence 3' TACGATTC 5', what is the sequence of the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

$$5' AUGCUAAG 3'$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a step in the elongation phase of translation?

Accepted Answer

Release of the polypeptide from the ribosome

Question 16

Which molecule provides the energy required for translation?

Accepted Answer

GTP

Question 17

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the addition of the poly-A tail to mRNA. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA will be less stable and degrade quickly in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the structure of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It contains an anticodon that base-pairs with the mRNA codon.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the P site in the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

It holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain.

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Chapter 14 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions