Q: If the template strand of DNA has the sequence $3'\text{-}GCCACGTATCA\text{-}5'$, what is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA?

$5'\text{-}CGGUGCAUAGU\text{-}3'$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

A mutation in the gene encoding enzyme B in the arginine biosynthesis pathway of Neurospora crassa would most likely result in which of the following growth patterns?

Accepted Answer

Growth only when citrulline or arginine is supplied.

Question 3

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following modifications occurs to the pre-mRNA before it is exported to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail, and removal of introns.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is redundant, meaning more than one codon can specify the same amino acid.

Question 5

If the template strand of DNA has the sequence $3'	ext{-}GCCACGTATCA	ext{-}5'$, what is the sequence of the corresponding mRNA?

Accepted Answer

$5'	ext{-}CGGUGCAUAGU	ext{-}3'$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a component of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 7

A point mutation that changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop) is best described as which type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why a single nucleotide-pair insertion in a coding region often has more severe consequences than a substitution?

Accepted Answer

It causes a frameshift, altering the reading frame and potentially changing every amino acid downstream.

Question 9

Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 10

A tRNA with the anticodon $5'	ext{-}UGG	ext{-}3'$ will pair with which mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

$5'	ext{-}CCA	ext{-}3'$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation and assists in export from the nucleus.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes alternative RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple polypeptides by including or excluding different exons.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons during protein synthesis.

Question 14

A protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell is most likely to be synthesized by:

Accepted Answer

A ribosome bound to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'universal'?

Accepted Answer

The same codons specify the same amino acids in nearly all organisms.

Question 16

Which of the following types of mutations is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein?

Accepted Answer

A nonsense mutation early in the coding sequence.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of the universality of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A gene from a jellyfish can be expressed in a pig, causing the pig to glow.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

Accepted Answer

It links a specific amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 19

A frameshift mutation is most likely to be caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A single nucleotide insertion in a coding region.

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

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