Question 1

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

During transcription in eukaryotic cells, which of the following modifications occurs to the pre-mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5′ cap and a poly-A tail

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from 5′-TAC-3′ to 5′-TAT-3′. What effect will this have on the mRNA and the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA codon will change, possibly altering the amino acid sequence.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is nearly universal among all organisms.

Question 6

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics can target bacterial ribosomes without harming eukaryotic ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial ribosomes are made of different proteins and rRNAs than eukaryotic ribosomes.

Question 8

A scientist inserts a jellyfish gene into a mouse genome. The mouse expresses the jellyfish protein. What does this demonstrate about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal among living organisms.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about RNA splicing in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Introns are removed and exons are joined together.

Question 10

If a eukaryotic gene undergoes alternative RNA splicing, what is the result?

Accepted Answer

Multiple different polypeptides can be produced from the same gene.

Question 11

Which of the following sequences is the correct order of events in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → RNA processing → Translation

Question 12

What is the role of the promoter in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It signals where RNA polymerase should begin transcription.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a polyribosome?

Accepted Answer

Multiple ribosomes translating a single mRNA molecule simultaneously.

Question 14

During translation, what happens when a stop codon is reached?

Accepted Answer

A release factor binds to the A site, causing the polypeptide to be released.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the 5′ cap and poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate export of mRNA from the nucleus.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about codons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each codon consists of three nucleotides and specifies one amino acid.

Question 17

A patient is given an antibiotic that inhibits bacterial ribosomes. Which process will be directly affected in the bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the template and coding strands of DNA during transcription?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA is complementary to the template strand and identical to the coding strand (except U for T).

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant but not ambiguous'?

Accepted Answer

More than one codon can specify the same amino acid, but each codon specifies only one amino acid.

Question 20

Which of the following steps in translation requires energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Codon recognition and translocation

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Campbell Biology, Ch. 17) – Study Notes

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