Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'central dogma' of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal and redundant.

Question 3

A mutation changes the codon UAU (which codes for tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; translation will terminate prematurely.

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes process pre-mRNA by adding a 5’ cap, poly-A tail, and splicing out introns.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the number of proteins an organism can produce is greater than the number of its genes?

Accepted Answer

Each gene codes for multiple proteins due to alternative splicing.

Question 6

During transcription in eukaryotes, which of the following sequences signals the end of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Terminator

Question 7

Which of the following correctly matches the molecule with its function during translation?

Accepted Answer

rRNA: forms the core of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation

Question 8

A point mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$	ext{GAA} to$$ $$	ext{GAG}. $$Both codons code for glutamic acid. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Silent mutation

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a step in eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Removal of exons

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a frameshift mutation. Which of the following changes in the DNA sequence could have caused this?

Accepted Answer

A single base deletion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

It has an anti-codon that pairs with mRNA and an amino acid attachment site.

Question 12

Which of the following is a similarity between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

Both are composed of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A codon change results in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during gene expression in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → RNA processing → Translation

Question 15

A researcher observes that a certain gene can produce multiple different proteins in humans. Which process most likely explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the genetic code is described as 'redundant'?

Accepted Answer

Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon.

Question 17

Which of the following is the universal start codon in the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG}$$

Question 18

Which of the following components is required for the initiation of transcription in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Question 19

A scientist introduces a mutation that changes a single base in the DNA sequence, resulting in a different amino acid in the protein. Which equation best represents this type of mutation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Original DNA: ATG} ightarrow 	ext{Mutated DNA: ATA}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the anti-codon in translation?

Accepted Answer

It is found on tRNA and pairs with the codon on mRNA.

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Chapter 17) – Study Guide

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