Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

In prokaryotes, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously, while in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA. What type of mutation is this, and what is its likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation; introduces a premature stop codon.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the 5' cap added to eukaryotic mRNA during processing?

Accepted Answer

It promotes mRNA export from the nucleus and assists ribosome binding.

Question 4

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 5

A gene contains the sequence 5'-ATG GAA TGA-3'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-AUG GAA UGA-3'$$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why alternative splicing increases protein diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows one gene to be transcribed into multiple types of mRNA, which can be translated into different proteins.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the genetic code is correct?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is universal, redundant, and unambiguous.

Question 8

A frameshift mutation is most likely to result from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An insertion or deletion of nucleotides not in multiples of three.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component required for the initiation of translation?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 10

In eukaryotic cells, which process removes introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing by the spliceosome

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

They are RNA molecules that act as enzymes.

Question 12

What is the function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes mRNA and promotes export from the nucleus.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

It is an inducible operon.

Question 14

A scientist observes that a single gene can produce several different proteins in a eukaryotic cell. Which process best explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Alternative splicing

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a missense mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that changes one amino acid to another.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

Accepted Answer

A truncated protein due to an early stop codon.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the direction in which RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It reads the DNA template 3' to 5' and synthesizes mRNA 5' to 3'.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the TATA box in eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a promoter region for transcription initiation.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why polyribosomes are advantageous for cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow multiple copies of a protein to be synthesized from a single mRNA simultaneously.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key difference between the trp operon and the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

The trp operon is repressible, while the lac operon is inducible.

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Protein Synthesis) 17

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