Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the promoter region in a eukaryotic gene?

Accepted Answer

It is the region where RNA polymerase II and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription.

Question 2

During eukaryotic transcription, which DNA strand is used as the template for mRNA synthesis, and in which direction is the new mRNA strand synthesized?

Accepted Answer

The template strand; 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between RNA polymerase II and DNA polymerase III?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase II synthesizes RNA, while DNA polymerase III synthesizes DNA.

Question 4

A mutation in the polyadenylation signal sequence of a eukaryotic gene would most likely affect which process?

Accepted Answer

Termination of transcription and addition of the 3’ poly(A) tail

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why RNA processing does not occur in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation are coupled in prokaryotes, so mRNA does not need to be processed before translation.

Question 6

Alternative RNA splicing allows eukaryotic cells to:

Accepted Answer

Produce multiple polypeptides from a single gene by including or excluding different exons.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about tRNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

The 3’ end of tRNA attaches to a specific amino acid.

Question 8

Why do cells have multiple tRNAs for the same amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Because there are multiple codons for most amino acids, and different tRNAs have different anticodons.

Question 9

What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in translation?

Accepted Answer

It attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.

Question 10

During translation, which ribosomal site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P site

Question 11

A researcher observes that a certain eukaryotic mRNA lacks a 5’ cap. What is the most likely consequence for this mRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It will not be recognized by the ribosome and will not be translated.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of translocation during translation?

Accepted Answer

The ribosome moves along the mRNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction, shifting tRNAs from the A site to the P site to the E site.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the termination of translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A stop codon is recognized by a release factor protein, which causes the polypeptide to be released.

Question 14

Which regions of a fully processed eukaryotic mRNA are translated into amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Only the exons within the coding sequence

Question 15

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to produce a nonfunctional spliceosome. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Introns will not be removed from pre-mRNA, resulting in abnormal proteins.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the advantage of introns in eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

They allow for alternative splicing, increasing protein diversity from a single gene.

Question 17

A scientist is studying a gene with a mutated TATA box. What is the most likely effect on transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors will not bind efficiently, reducing or preventing transcription initiation.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the release factor protein during translation?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the stop codon in the A site, causing the ribosome to release the completed polypeptide.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the 5’ cap added during eukaryotic mRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

It protects mRNA from degradation and helps ribosomes recognize the mRNA during translation initiation.

Gene Expression: Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes

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