Question 1

A strand of DNA is oriented in the 5'→3' direction. The direction of its complementary strand will be:

Accepted Answer

3'→5' direction

Question 2

Phospholipids made up of isoprenoid tails instead of fatty acids are found in:

Accepted Answer

Archaea only

Question 3

Which of the following microscopes would you use to view the detailed structure of a virus?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscope

Question 4

A biologist was examining a cell under an electron microscope. He observed that the cell contained a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. The cell under observation was probably:

Accepted Answer

A plant cell

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the eukaryotic cell organelles in the image?

Accepted Answer

A - Mitochondria, B - Chloroplast, C - Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

What might happen if the nuclear localization signal is removed from a cargo protein?

Accepted Answer

The protein will stay in the cytoplasm

Question 7

What is the name of the organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 8

Secondary endosymbiosis occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic cell engulfs a cell that has already undergone primary endosymbiosis.

Question 9

The mitotic apparatus is a specialized structure that is involved in the capture of chromosomes, alignment of chromosomes, and final separations during cell division. Which of the following is involved in the formation of the mitotic apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

Which layer of the plant cell wall contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin?

Accepted Answer

Secondary cell wall

Question 11

All of the following factors increase membrane fluidity EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A greater percentage of proteins in membrane

Question 12

What does the concentration gradient refer to?

Accepted Answer

The variation in the solute concentration.

Question 13

Which of the following cannot readily cross or diffuse through the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6 ($$Glucose)

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive transport but not active transport?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy dependence

Question 15

Why do slugs and snails die when sprinkled with salt?

Accepted Answer

The water leaves their cells

Question 16

____ proteins bind to molecules on one side of the membrane and release them on the other. ____ proteins, on the other hand, create pores on the membrane, allowing the molecules to flow through via diffusion.

Accepted Answer

Carrier; Channel

Question 17

The sodium concentration is ____ inside the cell than outside, and the potassium concentration is ____ inside the cell. To maintain those concentrations, ____ is needed to power up the sodium-potassium pump during active transport.

Accepted Answer

lower; greater; ATP

Question 18

The engulfment of a dead cell is an example of which type of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Which type of energy is present in the C-H bonds of the glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy

Question 20

The first law of thermodynamics states that heat can be transferred and transformed but cannot be created or destroyed. However, as energy is being passed on from producers to consumers, not all of it is passed on to the next trophic level because some of it escapes from the body in the form of heat during ____.

Accepted Answer

cellular respiration

Question 21

What is the value of Gibbs free energy when the reaction is spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

negative

Question 22

Energy coupling is a concept in which energy released by an ____ reaction is used to drive an ____ reaction.

Accepted Answer

exergonic; endergonic

Question 23

Which statement correctly describes the association between the enzyme and the environmental temperature?

Accepted Answer

When the temperature goes beyond a certain point, the enzyme will stop working.

Question 24

In the energy diagram for a biological reaction given below, identify the correct labeling for A, B, and C.

$$A - $$Transition state, $$B - $$Activation energy in the absence of an enzyme, $$C - $$Activation energy in the presence of an enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A - Transition state, B - Activation energy in the absence of an enzyme, C - Activation energy in the presence of an enzyme.

Question 25

In which of the following models does substrate binding cause a conformational change in the enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Induced fit model

General Biology 1: Core Concepts and Practice Questions (Midterm Study Guide)

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