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General Biology 1: Course Overview and Study Guide

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General Biology 1: Course Overview

Introduction

This course is an introductory survey of biology for science majors, covering foundational concepts in biological science. Students will explore the structure and function of living organisms, from the molecular and cellular level to the structure and function of plants and animals. The course emphasizes the scientific method, cellular processes, genetics, and the diversity of life.

Course Structure and Topics

Main Topics Covered

  • The Scientific Method

  • Sub-cellular Components

  • The Cell

  • Photosynthesis and Respiration

  • Mitosis

  • Plant and Human Structure, Nutrition and Transport, Reproduction, Growth, and Development

Learning Objectives

  • Describe the transmission of energy through living systems.

  • Explain the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

  • Comprehend the steps in learning the scientific method and interpreting biological data.

  • Analyze data using logic and reasoning, and represent analyses in verbal and graphical forms.

  • Apply general biology concepts to natural world and society.

  • Synthesize biological information to draw appropriate conclusions.

  • Describe living things at the chemical and cellular level.

  • Enhance professional communication and job-seeking/interview skills.

Detailed Topic Breakdown

1. The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a systematic approach to investigating natural phenomena, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.

  • Steps: Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Analysis, Conclusion.

  • Application: Used to solve biological problems and test scientific theories.

  • Example: Testing the effect of light on plant growth by varying light exposure and measuring growth rates.

2. Sub-cellular Components

Cells contain various organelles, each with specialized functions necessary for life.

  • Nucleus: Contains genetic material (DNA).

  • Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration and energy production.

  • Ribosomes: Sites of protein synthesis.

  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

  • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

  • Lysosomes: Contain digestive enzymes for waste breakdown.

3. The Cell

The cell is the basic unit of life, with structure and function varying between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

  • Prokaryotic Cells: Lack a nucleus; include bacteria and archaea.

  • Eukaryotic Cells: Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

  • Cell Membrane: Semi-permeable barrier controlling entry and exit of substances.

  • Cell Cycle: Series of phases (G1, S, G2, M) leading to cell division.

4. Photosynthesis and Respiration

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary processes for energy transformation in living organisms.

  • Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy in plants.

  • Equation:

  • Cellular Respiration: Breakdown of glucose to release energy.

  • Equation:

5. Mitosis

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells.

  • Phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis.

  • Purpose: Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.

6. Plant and Human Structure, Nutrition, and Development

This topic covers the organization and function of plant and animal systems, including nutrition, transport, reproduction, growth, and development.

  • Plant Structure: Roots, stems, leaves, vascular tissues (xylem and phloem).

  • Human Structure: Organ systems such as digestive, circulatory, respiratory, and reproductive systems.

  • Nutrition: Uptake and processing of nutrients for energy and growth.

  • Development: Processes from fertilization to maturity.

Course Schedule Overview

Dates

Topics

Assignments

Aug 19 - Sep 15

Introduction, Atoms, Water, Carbon, Macromolecules

Homework, Quiz, Discussion, Test 1

Sep 16 - Oct 13

Cells, Cell Membrane, Metabolism, Cell Cycle

Homework, Quiz, Discussion, Test 2

Oct 14 - Nov 9

Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis, Inheritance, From Genes to Proteins

Homework, Quiz, Discussion, Test 3

Nov 10 - Dec 5

Plant Structure, Vascular Plants, Soil and Nutrition, Angiosperms, Animal Form and Function

Homework, Quiz, Discussion, Test 4

Nov 10 - Dec 9

Final Exam

Final Exam

Assessment and Grading

  • Tests: 30%

  • Final Exam (Project): 20%

  • Discussions: 10%

  • Quizzes: 20%

  • Homework: 20%

Letter grades are assigned as follows:

Percentage

Grade

89.5-100

A

79.5-89.4

B

69.5-79.4

C

59.5-69.4

D

0-59.4

F

Program Outcomes

  • Approach biological problems using the scientific process.

  • Interpret scientific information and relate it to biological questions.

  • Critically consider the impact of biological research on society and the world.

  • Acquire a broad understanding of biology's fundamental principles and its place in science.

Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP) and Communication Skills

The course incorporates the Geaux Pro: Improving Professional Communication Skills for Success in College and Careers. Students will participate in workshops and assignments to develop written, oral, and digital communication skills, as well as critical thinking, planning, and professionalism.

  • Communication: Due Aug. 29

  • Planning and Organizing: Due Sept. 5

  • Critical Thinking: Due Sept. 19

  • Interpersonal Skills: Due Oct. 1

  • Professionalism: Due Oct. 17

Workshop attendance counts toward 5% of the final grade.

Supplemental Resources and Student Support

  • Follett Access Program: Provides digital and/or print textbooks and course materials.

  • Student Success Center: Offers tutoring, writing services, and academic support.

  • Library: Research assistance and access to books, articles, and databases.

Academic Integrity and Policies

  • Attendance: Regular participation in online activities is required.

  • Plagiarism and Cheating: Strictly prohibited and subject to disciplinary action.

  • Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: The college is committed to providing an inclusive and respectful learning environment for all students.

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