Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{(ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the hierarchical organization of life from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecules → cells → tissues → organs → organisms → populations → ecosystems

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

Plant growth measured (e.g., height or biomass)

Question 3

Which property of water allows it to moderate Earth's climate by absorbing and releasing heat slowly?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 4

What is the correct formula for calculating the pH of a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}([H^+])$$

Question 5

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 6

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Lowering the activation energy required for the reaction

Question 7

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Their DNA is located in a nucleoid region

Question 8

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Burst as water enters the cell

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 ightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 	ext{(ATP)}$$

Question 10

During DNA replication, which property ensures that each new DNA molecule contains one old strand and one new strand?

Accepted Answer

Semiconservative replication

Question 11

A heterozygous individual for a gene (Aa) is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (aa). What is the expected genotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 Aa : 1 aa

Question 12

Which mechanism is NOT a requirement for natural selection to occur?

Accepted Answer

All individuals must survive and reproduce equally

Question 13

Which Hardy-Weinberg equation is used to calculate allele frequencies in a population?

Accepted Answer

$$p + q = 1$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

No evolution is occurring; allele frequencies remain constant

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent factor affecting population size?

Accepted Answer

Flood

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why energy decreases at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

Energy is lost as heat at each trophic transfer

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct match between a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate – monosaccharide

Question 19

Which type of bond is responsible for the base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP and NADPH to build sugars from $$CO_2$$

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