Question 1

Which type of chemical reaction is responsible for the formation of polymers from monomers, and what is the byproduct of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction; water is released

Question 2

A student mixes glucose and fructose in a test tube. Which type of bond forms between these two monosaccharides to create sucrose, and what is the name of this bond?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic linkage

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the hydrocarbon chain

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 5

What is the name of the bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink (crenate)

Question 8

Which of the following statements about the fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids and proteins can move laterally within the membrane

Question 9

Which of the following molecules can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane without the aid of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

O$_2$

Question 10

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct molecular formula for a typical monosaccharide such as glucose?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$

Question 13

Which of the following organelles contains hydrolytic enzymes and is responsible for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

What is the primary function of DNA in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via transport proteins

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 17

Which of the following bonds links nucleotides together in a nucleic acid strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 18

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx

Question 19

Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of cholesterol in animal cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol decreases membrane fluidity at high temperatures and increases it at low temperatures

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for secretion or membrane insertion

General Biology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Membrane Function Study Guide

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