Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that joins two molecules together by removing a molecule of water.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct structural formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the universal solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water can dissolve both ionic and polar substances due to its polarity.

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells and is believed to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

A DNA molecule has the following sequence on one strand: 5'-ATGCCGTA-3'. What is the complementary sequence on the opposite strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TACGGCAT-5'

Question 9

Which of the following is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have DNA located in a nucleus.

Question 10

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nucleic acid bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine pairs with Guanine

Question 13

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and the cell membrane will pull away from the cell wall (plasmolysis).

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 15

Which process is used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a polysaccharide used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the 3D structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is determined by the sequence of amino acids and interactions such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environment.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of hydrolysis as it relates to ATP?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP produces ADP, inorganic phosphate, and releases energy.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about pinocytosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the process by which cells take in extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes.

General Biology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Membrane Transport Study Guide

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