Q: Which process best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{Protein}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the four major classes of biological macromolecules and their respective monomers?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates (monosaccharides), lipids (fatty acids and glycerol), proteins (amino acids), nucleic acids (nucleotides)

Question 2

During the digestion of starch in the human body, which type of chemical reaction occurs, and what is the main product?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis; monosaccharides

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the bond type with the macromolecule it is found in?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond — polysaccharides

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with high cholesterol. Which of the following statements best explains how cholesterol can affect cell membranes and hormone production?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity and serves as a precursor for steroid hormones.

Question 5

Which of the following best distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats at the molecular level?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms; unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.

Question 6

Which of the following is a property of the phospholipid bilayer that is essential for cell membrane function?

Accepted Answer

It is amphipathic, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between cis and trans unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Cis fatty acids have hydrogen atoms on the same side of the double bond, causing a bend; trans fatty acids have hydrogens on opposite sides, resulting in a straighter chain.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major types of proteins based on their function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid storage proteins

Question 9

How do plants and animals differ in the way they store carbohydrates for energy?

Accepted Answer

Plants store carbohydrates as starch; animals store them as glycogen.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly pairs a nucleic acid with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

DNA — nucleotide

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine; RNA contains uracil instead of thymine.

Question 12

Which process best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a feature shared by all cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the Cell Theory?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells, and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 16

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 18

A scientist is studying a cell membrane and observes that certain molecules can pass through easily while others cannot. Which property of the phospholipid bilayer explains this observation?

Accepted Answer

Selective permeability due to the hydrophobic core of the bilayer

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful to human health than cis fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats increase LDL (bad cholesterol) and decrease HDL (good cholesterol), raising the risk of heart disease.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond formed between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another, releasing water.

General Biology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, and Function Study Guide

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