Q: Humans cannot digest cellulose, but cows can. What is the main reason for this difference?

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$eta-$$glycosidic bonds in cellulose

Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the formation of hydrogen bonds between water molecules?

Accepted Answer

Water's polar covalent bonds

Question 2

Why does salt ($$NaCl) $$dissolve in water but oil does not?

Accepted Answer

Salt is ionic and interacts with water's polarity, oil is nonpolar and does not interact with water

Question 3

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Forming a polymer from monomers by removing a water molecule

Question 4

A scientist is comparing the structure and function of starch and cellulose. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Starch is used for energy storage in plants, while cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls

Question 5

Humans cannot digest cellulose, but cows can. What is the main reason for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme to break the $$eta-$$glycosidic bonds in cellulose

Question 6

Which level of protein structure is directly affected if a single amino acid is changed in the primary sequence?

Accepted Answer

All levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and possibly quaternary structure

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Movement of substances across the membrane

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 9

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for energy conversion in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

Which process produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and ATP synthase)

Question 12

What is the main function of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Forming a selectively permeable barrier

Question 13

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds, saturated do not

Question 14

Which molecule is the main energy storage polysaccharide in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 15

A mutation causes a change in the amino acid sequence of hemoglobin, resulting in sickle cell anemia. Which level of protein structure is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They increase LDL and decrease HDL, contributing to heart disease

Question 17

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally

Question 20

Which process is responsible for moving large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

General Biology: Biomolecules, Cell Structure, Membranes, and Energy Processing

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